During which process is RNA used to produce proteins?

The process during which RNA is used to produce proteins is translation. During translation, the ribosome reads the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and, with the help of transfer RNA (tRNA), assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain, which ultimately folds into a functional protein. This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, after transcription has taken place, which is the initial step where DNA is used to create an RNA transcript.

In contrast, transcription is the process where RNA is synthesized from a DNA template, but it does not produce proteins directly. Replication refers to the duplication of DNA, not the synthesis of proteins. Translocation generally involves the movement of a substance or structure within a cell or the movement of the ribosome during protein synthesis, but it is not specifically the process of producing proteins. Therefore, translation is the correct answer, as it directly relates to the synthesis of proteins from RNA.