In a neutral atom, how do the numbers of protons and electrons compare?

In a neutral atom, the number of protons and electrons is equal. This balance is what defines the neutrality of the atom; protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge. Therefore, when there is an equal number of both, their charges cancel each other out, resulting in no overall charge for the atom. This equal count ensures that atoms remain stable and is foundational in understanding atomic structure and elemental behavior in chemistry. In contrast, if the number of protons were to differ from the number of electrons, the atom would become either positively or negatively charged, thus forming an ion rather than a neutral atom.