What do we call reactions that involve an exchange of one or more ionic components?

Exchange reactions are characterized by the swapping of ions between two reactants, leading to the formation of new products. In this type of reaction, elements or groups from two compounds are exchanged to create different compounds. This process is fundamental in various chemical processes, including those seen in biological systems, where ionic components often facilitate necessary reactions.

For instance, in an exchange reaction, if you mix solutions containing different ionic compounds, the ions may combine in such a way that new products are formed, exemplifying the displacement of certain ions by others. This is particularly relevant in reactions where solubility plays a role, as some exchanged ions may precipitate out of solution.

In contrast, redox reactions focus on the transfer of electrons between species rather than the exchange of ionic components. Decomposition reactions involve a single compound breaking down into two or more simpler substances without any exchange, while combustion reactions are specific types of redox reactions that typically involve a fuel reacting with oxygen, often releasing energy in the form of heat and light. Thus, the defining feature of an exchange reaction is its mechanism of exchanging ionic components, making it the correct answer.