Which bond is characterized as a weak attraction between a proton and an electronegative atom?

The hydrogen bond is characterized as a weak attraction between a proton, typically associated with a hydrogen atom, and an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen. This type of bond forms when a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom generates a partial positive charge, allowing it to attract nearby electronegative atoms with partial negative charges.

Hydrogen bonds are crucial in various chemical and biological processes, such as maintaining the structure of water molecules and stabilizing the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. They are significantly weaker than covalent and ionic bonds, which involve the sharing or transfer of electrons, making hydrogen bonds important for the transient interactions found in complex biological systems.