Which cavity encompasses the lungs?

The pleural cavity is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the thin space between the pleura, the membranes that line the lungs and the chest wall. This cavity is filled with pleural fluid, which helps to reduce friction between the lungs and the chest wall during breathing. The structure of the pleura ensures that the lungs can expand and contract smoothly as air is inhaled and exhaled.

In contrast, the thoracic cavity encompasses more than just the lungs; it includes the heart, major blood vessels, and other structures situated in the chest. While the lungs are indeed within the thoracic cavity, it is the pleural cavity that specifically surrounds each lung.

The abdominal cavity contains the organs of the digestive system, such as the stomach, intestines, and liver, while the pelvic cavity houses reproductive organs and portions of the intestines. Neither the abdominal nor pelvic cavities have direct relevance to the lungs.

Thus, the pleural cavity is the most precise answer when identifying the specific cavity surrounding the lungs.