Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell primarily because they are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This process occurs through cellular respiration, where the mitochondria take in nutrients from the cell and break them down to generate ATP. This energy is essential for powering various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biochemical reactions vital to sustaining life.

In addition to ATP production, mitochondria are involved in other critical functions, such as regulating metabolic activity, maintaining cellular calcium levels, and participating in the apoptosis process (programmed cell death). The significance of mitochondria in energy production and other cellular functions underscores their designation as the cell's powerhouse.

The other organelles serve different functions; for instance, the nucleus is mainly responsible for storing genetic material and coordinating cellular activities, chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis in plant cells, and lysosomes function in waste disposal and recycling cellular components. Each organelle has its unique role, but none are designated as the powerhouse to the extent of mitochondria.