Which type of bond is formed between two ions with opposite charges, where one atom gives up one or more electrons?

The bond formed between two ions with opposite charges, where one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom, is an ionic bond. In this type of bond, the atom that loses electrons becomes positively charged, while the atom that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. This transfer of electrons leads to an electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged ions, which is the hallmark of ionic bonding.

Ionic bonds typically form between metals and nonmetals. Metals, which are found on the left side of the periodic table, generally have a tendency to lose electrons, thus forming positive ions (cations). Nonmetals, on the other hand, are more inclined to gain electrons and form negative ions (anions). The resulting ionic compounds often exhibit high melting and boiling points due to the strong forces of attraction between the cations and anions in the crystal lattice structure.

In contrast, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms rather than a transfer. Hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole attraction and play a crucial role in intermolecular forces, while metallic bonds involve a delocalized sharing of electrons among a lattice of metal atoms. These distinctions clarify why the ionic bond is the correct answer in this context.