Which type of bond is formed between two ions with opposite charges, where one atom gives up one or more electrons?

An ionic bond is formed between two ions with opposite charges when one atom donates one or more electrons to another atom. This transfer of electrons leads to the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions creates a strong bond, resulting in the formation of an ionic compound.

In contrast, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, rather than the transfer. Hydrogen bonds are weak intermolecular forces that typically occur between molecules, particularly those containing hydrogen. Metallic bonds involve a sea of delocalized electrons that are shared among a lattice of metal atoms. Therefore, the characteristic of transferring electrons and the resulting attraction between charged ions uniquely define ionic bonds, making them the correct answer in this context.