Which type of bond is primarily formed as a result of the attractive forces between positively and negatively charged ions?

The type of bond primarily formed through the attractive forces between positively and negatively charged ions is an ionic bond. In ionic bonding, one atom (usually a metal) donates one or more electrons to another atom (typically a nonmetal), leading to the formation of ions. These ions carry opposite charges: the metal becomes a positively charged cation, while the nonmetal becomes a negatively charged anion. The electrostatic attraction between these oppositely charged ions is what creates the ionic bond, resulting in the formation of ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride (table salt). This kind of bond is characterized by its strength and is significant in the formation of crystalline structures, which is a hallmark of many ionic compounds.

In contrast, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms and are typically formed between nonmetals, whereas hydrogen bonds are weaker interactions that occur between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. Metallic bonds occur in metals where electrons are shared in a 'sea' of electrons, allowing metals to conduct electricity and heat efficiently. Each of these other types of bonds has distinct characteristics that differentiate them from ionic bonds.